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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the initial treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a long record of a robust response, high tolerance, and safety over the life span. It is important to find the right dosage and medication that alleviates your child's or your own symptoms without side adverse effects. It can take a lot of trial and error as and a clear dialogue with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are medications that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are frequently used for enhancement of cognitive and performance by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They are also employed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as binge eating disorder, and other anxiety disorders. The most popular stimulant drugs are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both prolonged-release and immediate-release formulations. adhd adults medication -release pills are usually taken every 4 hours. When they stop working they can trigger an abrupt and brief drop in energy. The crash can cause extreme hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in some people. This is especially the case when they don't take enough food. Extended-release medicines are formulated to release active ingredients over a period of 8 to 16 hours. This type of medication may be prescribed by your physician if you are looking for long-lasting relief from symptoms without taking tablets several times per day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another option is the long-acting methylphenidate patch called Daytrana that adheres to the skin as a band-aid and lasts for the entire day. This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults suffering from ADHD and need daily doses that last longer than immediate-release options. Stimulant medication does not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate. They do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters within the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine. This is done by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released, and aids in ensuring that messages between neurons are more effectively transferred and received. Doctors may prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants that doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of norepinephrine dopamine and serotonin in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibiters are a great choice for people suffering from anxiety or depression. These medications are typically paired with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Another reason your doctor might switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working, or produces unacceptably adverse side effects. Long-acting Stimulants can help 70%-80% of children and adults with ADHD. They help reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, arguing with others, and losing focus in conversations or on tasks. They can also improve job performance and social skills. Stimulant medications start working once they cross the blood-brain barrier, which takes about 45 to 60 minutes. They increase the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine within brain cells, which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. FDA-approved stimulant medication uses one of two molecules, methylphenidate (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). The stimulants can trigger side effects including upset stomach and weight loss, an increase in blood pressure and heart rate as well as headaches, anxiety or nervousness. They can also cause tics to become worse and may cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) work all day and night unlike medications that only last for a couple of hours. They also aid in other disorders like depression or anxiety. These medicines work by altering the way that your body regulates chemical known as monoamine oxides. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine within the brain and other neurotransmitters. When these chemicals aren't broken down into smaller pieces, they remain in your body for a longer time and can affect your thinking and behavior. Long-acting medication can have fewer adverse effects. Your doctor will prescribe it in smaller doses that you take throughout the day. Some stimulants come in extended-release form that you can consume once daily. This may be more convenient for some adults, but it's important to that you take them each day. Other medications have been found to be effective for a lot of adults suffering from ADHD which includes selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually used for anxiety or depression, but they can also be prescribed for ADHD and 70% of people are able to respond. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been shown to be more efficient than placebos in a controlled study. These medications can trigger serious adverse effects, including the ringing of ears anxiety, changes in heart and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine that are present in the brain. These two chemicals assist people to manage their behavior and improve their focus. These drugs come in many different forms and each one has its own brand, such as Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant medications: the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but differ in their duration of action. The methylphenidates may have a shorter-lasting effect, lasting up to three hours. Amphetamines, on the other on the other hand, have a longer-lasting impact. Some people can tolerate stimulant medication better than others, and your doctor may prescribe them. It is crucial to know everything you can about the drug and its possible side effects, how often it should be taken, and any warnings specific to the medication that should be heeded. This will aid you and your doctor determine the best medication for you. These medications can also cause some adverse side effects such as difficulty sleeping or a decrease in appetite. Consult your physician if you experience these adverse effects. You may have to alter the dosage or try a different drug. Adults with ADHD who do not respond well to stimulants may be treated with non-stimulant medications, which take longer to start working but improve a person's ability to pay attention and control impulses. These medications can be prescribed on their own or in conjunction with stimulants. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) that works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, which controls the behavior. Guanfacine is also known as Intuniv, belongs to the group of drugs called alpha-agonists. These drugs work by blocking the reuptake process and increasing the amount of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed for high blood pressure, but it has also been proven to aid people suffering from ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD utilize a variety of drug combinations. This includes stimulants that are depressant type drugs like Guanfacine and Clonidine. These drugs can have a calming affect on the brain and help reduce symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior. They also help prevent withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination could be risky if properly used. Serotonin Syndrome is a medical emergency which occurs when there is an excess of serotonin in the body. This combination can also increase the blood pressure and heart rate. The risks associated with this medication are greater for people with pre-existing conditions like high blood pressure or heart disease. Teenagers and young adults are increasingly consuming stimulant mixtures. These substances are often referred to as “legal highs” and are available in pharmacies. These drugs are also available on the black market. These substances can be dangerous especially when mixed with alcohol and other substances. The use of multiple drugs can be risky. Mixing drugs can result in unpredictably harmful effects, such as increased heart rate, slowed breathing, hallucinations, paranoia seizures, addiction and hallucinations. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD, according to the findings of a study. Combining medications helped improve adherence and allowed patients to achieve more relief from symptoms than monotherapy. A majority of patients, however, quit their treatment due to side effects. In some cases the medication was removed due to sleep issues or worsening of tics. This could be a result of a poor diagnosis, or a lack of access to medication. Nonstimulants are a different treatment option for ADHD. These drugs can be effective in enhancing the quality of attention and impulse control, but not as well as stimulants. They are also less likely to suppress growth and reduce appetite. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However, they have a smaller chance of improving concentration and focus. In several studies, the atomoxetine (Concerta) when combined with methylphenidate, produced better results than either drug on its on its own. The combination of the two drugs was shown to increase adherence and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was also effective in young adults and adolescents. This combination could be a feasible option for children suffering from severe ADHD.